# Spatial Data Analysis

## Documentation for package ‘terra’ version 1.8-86

- DESCRIPTION file.
- Package NEWS.

## Help Pages

A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z misc

terra-package | Description of the methods in the terra package

## -- A --

activeCat | Active category
activeCat-method | Active category
activeCat<- | Active category
activeCat<--method | Active category
add<- | Add (in place) a SpatRaster to another SpatRaster or to a SpatRasterDataset or SpatRasterCollection
add<--method | Add (in place) a SpatRaster to another SpatRaster or to a SpatRasterDataset or SpatRasterCollection
addCats | Categorical rasters
addCats-method | Categorical rasters
add_abline | add vertical and/or horizontal lines to a map made with terra
add_box | draw a box
add_grid | add a grid to a map made with terra
add_legend | add a custom legend
add_mtext | draw a box
adjacent | Adjacent cells or polygons
adjacent-method | Adjacent cells or polygons
aggregate | Aggregate raster or vector data
aggregate-method | Aggregate raster or vector data
align | Align a SpatExtent
align-method | Align a SpatExtent
all | Summarize
all-method | Summarize
all.equal | Compare two SpatRaster, SpatVector, or SpatExtent objects for equality
all.equal-method | Compare two SpatRaster, SpatVector, or SpatExtent objects for equality
allNA | Summarize
allNA-method | Summarize
animate | Animate a SpatRaster
animate-method | Animate a SpatRaster
any | Summarize
any-method | Summarize
anyNA | Summarize
anyNA-method | Summarize
app | Apply a function to the cells of a SpatRaster
app-method | Apply a function to the cells of a SpatRaster
approximate | Estimate values for cell values that are 'NA' by interpolating between layers
approximate-method | Estimate values for cell values that are 'NA' by interpolating between layers
area | Get the expanse (area) of individual polygons or for all (summed) raster cells
area-method | Get the expanse (area) of individual polygons or for all (summed) raster cells
Arith-method | Arithmetic
Arith-methods | Arithmetic
ar_info | ar_info
as.array | Coercion to vector, matrix or array
as.array-method | Coercion to vector, matrix or array
as.bool | Raster value types
as.bool-method | Raster value types
as.character-method | Create a text representation of (the skeleton of) an object
as.contour | Contour plot
as.contour-method | Contour plot
as.data.frame | SpatRaster or SpatVector to data.frame
as.data.frame-method | SpatRaster or SpatVector to data.frame
as.factor | Raster value types
as.factor-method | Raster value types
as.int | Raster value types
as.int-method | Raster value types
as.integer-method | Raster value types
as.lines | Conversion to a SpatVector of lines
as.lines-method | Conversion to a SpatVector of lines
as.list | Coerce a Spat* object to a list
as.list-method | Coerce a Spat* object to a list
as.logical-method | Raster value types
as.matrix | Coercion to vector, matrix or array
as.matrix-method | Coercion to vector, matrix or array
as.numeric | Factors to numeric
as.numeric-method | Factors to numeric
as.points | Conversion to a SpatVector of points
as.points-method | Conversion to a SpatVector of points
as.polygons | Conversion to a SpatVector of polygons
as.polygons-method | Conversion to a SpatVector of polygons
as.raster | Coerce to a "raster" object
as.raster-method | Coerce to a "raster" object
as.vector | Coercion to vector, matrix or array
as.vector-method | Coercion to vector, matrix or array
atan2 | Two argument arc-tangent
atan2-method | Two argument arc-tangent
atan_2 | Two argument arc-tangent
atan_2-method | Two argument arc-tangent
autocor | Spatial autocorrelation
autocor-method | Spatial autocorrelation

## -- B --

barplot | Bar plot of a SpatRaster
barplot-method | Bar plot of a SpatRaster
bestMatch | bestMatch
bestMatch-method | bestMatch
blocks | Read from, or write to, file
blocks-method | Read from, or write to, file
boundaries | Detect boundaries (edges)
boundaries-method | Detect boundaries (edges)
boxplot | Box plot of SpatRaster data
boxplot-method | Box plot of SpatRaster data
buffer | Create a buffer around vector geometries or raster patches
buffer-method | Create a buffer around vector geometries or raster patches

## -- C --

c | Combine SpatRaster or SpatVector objects
c-method | Combine SpatRaster or SpatVector objects
cartogram | Cartogram
cartogram-method | Cartogram
catalyze | Factors to numeric
catalyze-method | Factors to numeric
categories | Categorical rasters
categories-method | Categorical rasters
cats | Categorical rasters
cats-method | Categorical rasters
cellFromRowCol | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number and vice versa
cellFromRowCol-method | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number and vice versa
cellFromRowColCombine | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number and vice versa
cellFromRowColCombine-method | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number and vice versa
cellFromXY | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number and vice versa
cellFromXY-method | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number and vice versa
cells | Get cell numbers
cells-method | Get cell numbers
cellSize | Area covered by each raster cell
cellSize-method | Area covered by each raster cell
centroids | Centroids
centroids-method | Centroids
chunk | Make a SpatRaster method memory-safe
chunk-method | Make a SpatRaster method memory-safe
clamp | Clamp values
clamp-method | Clamp values
clamp_ts | clamp time series data
clamp_ts-method | clamp time series data
classify | Classify (or reclassify) cell values
classify-method | Classify (or reclassify) cell values
clearance | SpatVector geometric properties
clearance-method | SpatVector geometric properties
clearVSIcache | GDAL version, supported file formats, and cache size
click | Query by clicking on a map
click-method | Query by clicking on a map
colFromCell | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number and vice versa
colFromCell-method | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number and vice versa
colFromX | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number and vice versa
colFromX-method | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number and vice versa
colMeans | row/col sums and means for SpatRaster
colMeans-method | row/col sums and means for SpatRaster
colorize | Layers representing colors
colorize-method | Layers representing colors
colSums | row/col sums and means for SpatRaster
colSums-method | row/col sums and means for SpatRaster
coltab | Color table
coltab-method | Color table
coltab<- | Color table
coltab<--method | Color table
combineGeoms | Combine geometries
combineGeoms-method | Combine geometries
combineLevels | Categorical rasters
compare | Compare and logical methods
Compare-method | Compare and logical methods
compare-method | Compare and logical methods
Compare-methods | Compare and logical methods
compareGeom | Compare geometries
compareGeom-method | Compare geometries
concats | Concatenate categorical rasters
concats-method | Concatenate categorical rasters
contour | Contour plot
contour-method | Contour plot
convHull | Convex, concave, rectangular and circular hulls
convHull-method | Convex, concave, rectangular and circular hulls
costDist | Cost-distance
costDist-method | Cost-distance
countNA | Summarize
countNA-method | Summarize
cover | Replace values with values from another object
cover-method | Replace values with values from another object
crds | Get the coordinates of SpatVector geometries or SpatRaster cells
crds-method | Get the coordinates of SpatVector geometries or SpatRaster cells
crop | Cut out a geographic subset
crop-method | Cut out a geographic subset
crosstab | Cross-tabulate
crosstab-method | Cross-tabulate
crs | Get or set a coordinate reference system
crs-method | Get or set a coordinate reference system
crs<- | Get or set a coordinate reference system
crs<--method | Get or set a coordinate reference system
cumsum | General mathematical methods
cumsum-method | General mathematical methods

## -- D --

datatype | Data type of a SpatRaster or SpatVector
datatype-method | Data type of a SpatRaster or SpatVector
deepcopy | Deep copy
deepcopy-method | Deep copy
delaunay | Voronoi diagram and Delaunay triangles
delaunay-method | Voronoi diagram and Delaunay triangles
densify | Add additional nodes to lines or polygons
densify-method | Add additional nodes to lines or polygons
density | Density plot
density-method | Density plot
depth | depth of SpatRaster layers
depth-method | depth of SpatRaster layers
depth<- | depth of SpatRaster layers
depth<--method | depth of SpatRaster layers
depthName | depth of SpatRaster layers
depthName-method | depth of SpatRaster layers
depthName<- | depth of SpatRaster layers
depthName<--method | depth of SpatRaster layers
depthUnit | depth of SpatRaster layers
depthUnit-method | depth of SpatRaster layers
depthUnit<- | depth of SpatRaster layers
depthUnit<--method | depth of SpatRaster layers
describe | describe
describe-method | describe
diff | Lagged differences
diff-method | Lagged differences
dim | Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects
dim-method | Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects
dim<--method | Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects
direction | Direction
direction-method | Direction
disagg | Disaggregate raster cells or vector geometries
disagg-method | Disaggregate raster cells or vector geometries
distance | Geographic distance
distance-method | Geographic distance
divide | Subdivide a raster or polygons
divide-method | Subdivide a raster or polygons
dots | Make a dot-density map
dots-method | Make a dot-density map
draw | Draw a polygon, line, extent, or points
draw-method | Draw a polygon, line, extent, or points
droplevels | Categorical rasters
droplevels-method | Categorical rasters

## -- E --

elongate | elongate lines
elongate-method | elongate lines
emptyGeoms | Vector topology methods
emptyGeoms-method | Vector topology methods
erase | Erase parts of a SpatVector object
erase-method | Erase parts of a SpatVector object
expanse | Get the expanse (area) of individual polygons or for all (summed) raster cells
expanse-method | Get the expanse (area) of individual polygons or for all (summed) raster cells
ext | Create, get or set a SpatExtent
ext-method | Create, get or set a SpatExtent
ext<- | Create, get or set a SpatExtent
ext<--method | Create, get or set a SpatExtent
extend | Extend
extend-method | Extend
extract | Extract values from a SpatRaster
extract-method | Extract values from a SpatRaster
extractAlong | extract values along lines
extractRange | Extract values for a range of layers from a SpatRaster
extractRange-method | Extract values for a range of layers from a SpatRaster

## -- F --

fileBlocksize | Read from, or write to, file
fillHoles | Remove or extract holes from polygons, or fill holes in raster data
fillHoles-method | Remove or extract holes from polygons, or fill holes in raster data
fillTime | Fill time gaps in a SpatRaster
fillTime-method | Fill time gaps in a SpatRaster
flip | Flip or reverse a raster
flip-method | Flip or reverse a raster
flowAccumulation | Flow accumulation
flowAccumulation-method | Flow accumulation
focal | Focal values
focal-method | Focal values
focal3D | Three-dimensional focal values
focal3D-method | Three-dimensional focal values
focalCor | Focal function across two layers
focalCor-method | Focal function across two layers
focalCpp | Compute focal values with an iterating C++ function
focalCpp-method | Compute focal values with an iterating C++ function
focalMat | Focal weights matrix
focalPairs | Focal function across two layers
focalPairs-method | Focal function across two layers
focalReg | Focal regression
focalReg-method | Focal regression
focalValues | Get focal values
focalValues-method | Get focal values
forceCCW | force counter-clockwise polygons
forceCCW-method | force counter-clockwise polygons
free_RAM | Memory available and needed
freq | Frequency table
freq-method | Frequency table

## -- G --

gaps | Find gaps between polygons
gaps-method | Find gaps between polygons
gdal | GDAL version, supported file formats, and cache size
gdalCache | GDAL version, supported file formats, and cache size
geom | Get the geometry (coordinates) of a SpatVector
geom-method | Get the geometry (coordinates) of a SpatVector
geomtype | Geometry type of a SpatVector
geomtype-method | Geometry type of a SpatVector
getGDALconfig | GDAL version, supported file formats, and cache size
getTileExtents | Make tiles or get their extents
getTileExtents-method | Make tiles or get their extents
global | global statistics
global-method | global statistics
graticule | Create a graticule
gridDist | Distance on a grid
gridDist-method | Distance on a grid
gridDistance | deprecated methods
gridDistance-method | deprecated methods

## -- H --

halo | Add halo-ed text to a plot
has.colors | Color table
has.colors-method | Color table
has.RGB | Layers representing colors
has.RGB-method | Layers representing colors
has.time | time of SpatRaster layers
has.time-method | time of SpatRaster layers
hasMinMax | Get or compute the minimum and maximum cell values
hasMinMax-method | Get or compute the minimum and maximum cell values
hasValues | Data sources of a SpatRaster
hasValues-method | Data sources of a SpatRaster
head | head and tail of a SpatRaster or SpatVector
head-method | head and tail of a SpatRaster or SpatVector
hist | Histogram
hist-method | Histogram
hull | Convex, concave, rectangular and circular hulls
hull-method | Convex, concave, rectangular and circular hulls

## -- I --

identical | Compare two SpatRaster, SpatVector or SpatExtent objects for equality
identical-method | Compare two SpatRaster, SpatVector or SpatExtent objects for equality
ifel | ifelse for SpatRasters
ifel-method | ifelse for SpatRasters
image | SpatRaster image method
image-method | SpatRaster image method
impose | Impose the geometry of a SpatRaster to those in a SpatRasterCollection.
impose-method | Impose the geometry of a SpatRaster to those in a SpatRasterCollection.
inext | Make an inset map
inext-method | Make an inset map
init | Initialize a SpatRaster with values
init-method | Initialize a SpatRaster with values
inMemory | Data sources of a SpatRaster
inMemory-method | Data sources of a SpatRaster
inset | Make an inset map
inset-method | Make an inset map
interpIDW | Interpolate points using a moving window
interpIDW-method | Interpolate points using a moving window
interpNear | Nearest neighbor interpolation
interpNear-method | Nearest neighbor interpolation
interpolate | Spatial interpolation
interpolate-method | Spatial interpolation
intersect | Intersection
intersect-method | Intersection
is.bool | Raster value types
is.bool-method | Raster value types
is.empty | Check if a SpatExtent or SpatVector is empty
is.empty-method | Check if a SpatExtent or SpatVector is empty
is.factor | Raster value types
is.factor-method | Raster value types
is.finite-method | Compare and logical methods
is.flipped | Is a SpatRaster is flipped
is.flipped-method | Is a SpatRaster is flipped
is.infinite-method | Compare and logical methods
is.int | Raster value types
is.int-method | Raster value types
is.lines | Geometry type of a SpatVector
is.lines-method | Geometry type of a SpatVector
is.lonlat | Check for longitude/latitude crs
is.lonlat-method | Check for longitude/latitude crs
is.na-method | Compare and logical methods
is.na-method | Find and remove geometries that are NA
is.nan-method | Compare and logical methods
is.num | Raster value types
is.num-method | Raster value types
is.points | Geometry type of a SpatVector
is.points-method | Geometry type of a SpatVector
is.polygons | Geometry type of a SpatVector
is.polygons-method | Geometry type of a SpatVector
is.related | Spatial relationships between geometries
is.related-method | Spatial relationships between geometries
is.rotated | Check for rotation
is.rotated-method | Check for rotation
is.valid | Check or fix polygon or extent validity
is.valid-method | Check or fix polygon or extent validity
isFALSE-method | Raster value types
isTRUE-method | Raster value types

## -- K --

k_means | k_means
k_means-method | k_means

## -- L --

lapp | Apply a function to layers of a SpatRaster, or sub-datasets of a SpatRasterDataset
lapp-method | Apply a function to layers of a SpatRaster, or sub-datasets of a SpatRasterDataset
layerCor | Correlation and (weighted) covariance
layerCor-method | Correlation and (weighted) covariance
length | Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects
length-method | Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects
levels | Categorical rasters
levels-method | Categorical rasters
levels<- | Categorical rasters
levels<--method | Categorical rasters
libVersion | GDAL version, supported file formats, and cache size
linearUnits | Linear units of the coordinate reference system
linearUnits-method | Linear units of the coordinate reference system
lines | Add points, lines, or polygons to a map
lines-method | Add points, lines, or polygons to a map
lines-method | Plot with leaflet
lines-method | Plot a graticule
log | General mathematical methods
log-method | General mathematical methods
logic | Compare and logical methods
Logic-method | Compare and logical methods
logic-method | Compare and logical methods
Logic-methods | Compare and logical methods
longnames | variable and long variable names
longnames-method | variable and long variable names
longnames<- | variable and long variable names
longnames<--method | variable and long variable names

## -- M --

makeNodes | Vector topology methods
makeNodes-method | Vector topology methods
makeTiles | Make tiles or get their extents
makeTiles-method | Make tiles or get their extents
makeValid | Check or fix polygon or extent validity
makeValid-method | Check or fix polygon or extent validity
makeVRT | Make a VRT header file
map.pal | color palettes for mapping
map_extent | Get the coordinates of the extent of a map
mask | Mask values in a SpatRaster or SpatVector
mask-method | Mask values in a SpatRaster or SpatVector
match | Value matching for SpatRasters
match-method | Value matching for SpatRasters
math | General mathematical methods
Math-method | General mathematical methods
math-method | General mathematical methods
Math-methods | General mathematical methods
Math2-method | General mathematical methods
Math2-methods | General mathematical methods
max | Summarize
max-method | Summarize
mean | Summarize
mean-method | Summarize
median | Summarize
median-method | Summarize
mem_info | Memory available and needed
merge | Merge SpatRasters, or merge a SpatVector with a data.frame
merge-method | Merge SpatRasters, or merge a SpatVector with a data.frame
mergeLines | Vector topology methods
mergeLines-method | Vector topology methods
mergeTime | merge SpatRasters by timelines to create a single timeseries
mergeTime-method | merge SpatRasters by timelines to create a single timeseries
meta | meta
meta-method | meta
metags | Set or get metadata
metags-method | Set or get metadata
metags<- | Set or get metadata
metags<--method | Set or get metadata
min | Summarize
min-method | Summarize
minmax | Get or compute the minimum and maximum cell values
minmax-method | Get or compute the minimum and maximum cell values
modal | modal value
modal-method | modal value
mosaic | mosaic SpatRasters
mosaic-method | mosaic SpatRasters

## -- N --

na.omit | Find and remove geometries that are NA
na.omit-method | Find and remove geometries that are NA
NAflag | Set the NA flag
NAflag-method | Set the NA flag
NAflag<- | Set the NA flag
NAflag<--method | Set the NA flag
name | Names of Spat* objects
name<- | Names of Spat* objects
names | Names of Spat* objects
names-method | Names of Spat* objects
names<- | Names of Spat* objects
names<--method | Names of Spat* objects
ncell | Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects
ncell-method | Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects
ncol | Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects
ncol-method | Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects
ncol<- | Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects
ncol<--method | Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects
nearby | nearby geometries
nearby-method | nearby geometries
nearest | nearby geometries
nearest-method | nearby geometries
NIDP | Number of immediate adjacent cells flowing into each cell
NIDP-method | Number of immediate adjacent cells flowing into each cell
nlyr | Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects
nlyr-method | Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects
nlyr<- | Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects
nlyr<--method | Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects
noNA | Summarize
noNA-method | Summarize
normalize.longitude | normalize vector data that crosses the dateline
normalize.longitude-method | normalize vector data that crosses the dateline
north | North arrow
not.na | is not NA
not.na-method | is not NA
nrow | Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects
nrow-method | Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects
nrow<- | Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects
nrow<--method | Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects
nseg | Number of segments
nseg-method | Number of segments
nsrc | Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects
nsrc-method | Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects

## -- O --

origin | Origin
origin-method | Origin
origin<- | Origin
origin<--method | Origin

## -- P --

PackedSpatRaster-class | SpatRaster class
PackedSpatVector-class | Class "SpatVector"
pairs | Pairs plot (matrix of scatterplots)
pairs-method | Pairs plot (matrix of scatterplots)
panel | Map panel
panel-method | Map panel
patches | Detect patches (clumps) of cells
patches-method | Detect patches (clumps) of cells
perim | Perimeter or length
perim-method | Perimeter or length
perimeter | Perimeter or length
perimeter-method | Perimeter or length
persp | Perspective plot
persp-method | Perspective plot
pitfinder | Pit Finder in a Flow Dir SpatRaster for Watershed Extraction
pitfinder-method | Pit Finder in a Flow Dir SpatRaster for Watershed Extraction
plet | Plot with leaflet
plet-method | Plot with leaflet
plot | Make a map
plot-method | Make a map
plot-method | Plot a SpatExtent
plot-method | Plot a graticule
plot-method | Scatterplot of two SpatRaster layers
plotRGB | Red-Green-Blue plot of a multi-layered SpatRaster
plotRGB-method | Red-Green-Blue plot of a multi-layered SpatRaster
points | Add points, lines, or polygons to a map
points-method | Add points, lines, or polygons to a map
points-method | Plot with leaflet
polys | Add points, lines, or polygons to a map
polys-method | Add points, lines, or polygons to a map
polys-method | Plot with leaflet
prcomp | SpatRaster PCA with prcomp
prcomp-method | SpatRaster PCA with prcomp
predict | Spatial model predictions
predict-method | Spatial model predictions
princomp | SpatRaster PCA with princomp
princomp-method | SpatRaster PCA with princomp
prod | Summarize
prod-method | Summarize
project | Change the coordinate reference system
project-method | Change the coordinate reference system

## -- Q --

quantile | Quantiles of spatial data
quantile-method | Quantiles of spatial data
query | Query a SpatVectorProxy object
query-method | Query a SpatVectorProxy object

## -- R --

range | Summarize
range-method | Summarize
rangeFill | Fill layers with a range
rangeFill-method | Fill layers with a range
rapp | Range-apply
rapp-method | Range-apply
rast | Create a SpatRaster
rast-method | Create a SpatRaster
rasterize | Rasterize vector data
rasterize-method | Rasterize vector data
rasterizeGeom | Rasterize geometric properties of vector data
rasterizeGeom-method | Rasterize geometric properties of vector data
rasterizeWin | Rasterize points with a moving window
rasterizeWin-method | Rasterize points with a moving window
RasterSource | SpatRaster class
RasterSource-class | SpatRaster class
rbind | Combine SpatRaster or SpatVector objects
rbind.SpatVector | Combine SpatRaster or SpatVector objects
rcl | Combine row, column, and layer numbers
rcl-method | Combine row, column, and layer numbers
Rcpp_RasterSource-class | SpatRaster class
Rcpp_SpatCategories-class | SpatRaster class
Rcpp_SpatExtent-class | Class "SpatExtent"
Rcpp_SpatRaster-class | SpatRaster class
Rcpp_SpatVector-class | Class "SpatVector"
readRDS | saveRDS and serialize for SpatVector and SpatRaster*
readRDS-method | saveRDS and serialize for SpatVector and SpatRaster*
readStart | Read from, or write to, file
readStart-method | Read from, or write to, file
readStop | Read from, or write to, file
readStop-method | Read from, or write to, file
readValues | Read from, or write to, file
readValues-method | Read from, or write to, file
rectify | Rectify a SpatRaster
rectify-method | Rectify a SpatRaster
regress | Cell level regression
regress-method | Cell level regression
relate | Spatial relationships between geometries
relate-method | Spatial relationships between geometries
removeDupNodes | Vector topology methods
removeDupNodes-method | Vector topology methods
rep | Replicate layers
rep-method | Replicate layers
res | Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects
res-method | Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects
res<- | Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects
res<--method | Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects
resample | Transfer values of a SpatRaster to another one with a different geometry
resample-method | Transfer values of a SpatRaster to another one with a different geometry
rescale | rescale
rescale-method | rescale
rev | Flip or reverse a raster
rev-method | Flip or reverse a raster
RGB | Layers representing colors
RGB-method | Layers representing colors
RGB<- | Layers representing colors
RGB<--method | Layers representing colors
roll | Rolling (moving) functions
roll-method | Rolling (moving) functions
rotate | Rotate data along longitude
rotate-method | Rotate data along longitude
round | General mathematical methods
round-method | General mathematical methods
rowColCombine | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number and vice versa
rowColCombine-method | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number and vice versa
rowColFromCell | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number and vice versa
rowColFromCell-method | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number and vice versa
rowFromCell | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number and vice versa
rowFromCell-method | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number and vice versa
rowFromY | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number and vice versa
rowFromY-method | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number and vice versa
rowMeans | row/col sums and means for SpatRaster
rowMeans-method | row/col sums and means for SpatRaster
rowSums | row/col sums and means for SpatRaster
rowSums-method | row/col sums and means for SpatRaster

## -- S --

same.crs | Compare coordinate reference systems
sapp | Apply a terra function that takes only a single layer and returns a SpatRaster to all layers of a SpatRaster
sapp-method | Apply a terra function that takes only a single layer and returns a SpatRaster to all layers of a SpatRaster
saveRDS | saveRDS and serialize for SpatVector and SpatRaster*
saveRDS-method | saveRDS and serialize for SpatVector and SpatRaster*
sbar | scale bar
scale | Scale values
scale-method | Scale values
scale_linear | Scale values linearly
scale_linear-method | Scale values linearly
scoff | Scale (gain) and offset
scoff-method | Scale (gain) and offset
scoff<- | Scale (gain) and offset
scoff<--method | Scale (gain) and offset
sds | Create a SpatRasterDataset
sds-method | Create a SpatRasterDataset
segregate | segregate
segregate-method | segregate
sel | Spatial selection
sel-method | Spatial selection
selectHighest | select cells with high or low values
selectHighest-method | select cells with high or low values
selectRange | Select the values of a range of layers, as specified by cell values in another SpatRaster
selectRange-method | Select the values of a range of layers, as specified by cell values in another SpatRaster
serialize | saveRDS and serialize for SpatVector and SpatRaster*
serialize-method | saveRDS and serialize for SpatVector and SpatRaster*
set.cats | Change values in-place
set.cats-method | Change values in-place
set.crs | Change values in-place
set.crs-method | Change values in-place
set.ext | Change values in-place
set.ext-method | Change values in-place
set.names | Change values in-place
set.names-method | Change values in-place
set.RGB | Change values in-place
set.RGB-method | Change values in-place
set.values | Change values in-place
set.values-method | Change values in-place
set.window | Change values in-place
set.window-method | Change values in-place
setGDALconfig | GDAL version, supported file formats, and cache size
setMinMax | Get or compute the minimum and maximum cell values
setMinMax-method | Get or compute the minimum and maximum cell values
setValues | Set the values of raster cells or of geometry attributes
setValues-method | Set the values of raster cells or of geometry attributes
shade | Hill shading
sharedPaths | Shared paths
sharedPaths-method | Shared paths
shift | Shift
shift-method | Shift
show-method | Class "SpatExtent"
show-method | SpatRaster class
show-method | Class "SpatVector"
sieve | Sieve filter
sieve-method | Sieve filter
simplifyGeom | simplifyGeom geometries
simplifyGeom-method | simplifyGeom geometries
simplifyLevels | Categorical rasters
simplifyLevels-method | Categorical rasters
size | Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects
size-method | Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects
snap | Vector topology methods
snap-method | Vector topology methods
sort | Sort a SpatRaster or SpatVector
sort-method | Sort a SpatRaster or SpatVector
sources | Data sources of a SpatRaster
sources-method | Data sources of a SpatRaster
SpatCategories | SpatRaster class
SpatCategories-class | SpatRaster class
SpatExtent | Class "SpatExtent"
SpatExtent-class | Class "SpatExtent"
SpatRaster | SpatRaster class
SpatRaster-class | SpatRaster class
SpatRasterCollection | SpatRaster class
SpatRasterCollection-class | SpatRaster class
SpatRasterDataset | SpatRaster class
SpatRasterDataset-class | SpatRaster class
spatSample | Take a regular sample
spatSample-method | Take a regular sample
SpatVector | Class "SpatVector"
SpatVector-class | Class "SpatVector"
SpatVectorCollection | Class "SpatVector"
SpatVectorCollection-class | Class "SpatVector"
SpatVectorProxy | Class "SpatVector"
SpatVectorProxy-class | Class "SpatVector"
spin | spin a SpatVector
spin-method | spin a SpatVector
split | Split a SpatRaster or SpatVector
split-method | Split a SpatRaster or SpatVector
sprc | Create a SpatRasterCollection
sprc-method | Create a SpatRasterCollection
sqrt | General mathematical methods
sqrt-method | General mathematical methods
stdev | Summarize
stdev-method | Summarize
stretch | Stretch
stretch-method | Stretch
subset | Subset a SpatRaster or a SpatVector
subset-method | Subset a SpatRaster or a SpatVector
subst | replace cell values
subst-method | replace cell values
sum | Summarize
sum-method | Summarize
summary | summary
Summary-method | summary
summary-method | summary
Summary-methods | Summarize
surfArea | Compute surface area from elevation data
surfArea-method | Compute surface area from elevation data
svc | Create a SpatVectorCollection
svc-method | Create a SpatVectorCollection
symdif | Symmetrical difference
symdif-method | Symmetrical difference

## -- T --

t | Transpose
t-method | Transpose
tail | head and tail of a SpatRaster or SpatVector
tail-method | head and tail of a SpatRaster or SpatVector
tapp | Apply a function to subsets of layers of a SpatRaster
tapp-method | Apply a function to subsets of layers of a SpatRaster
terra | Description of the methods in the terra package
terrain | terrain characteristics
terrain-method | terrain characteristics
terraOptions | Options
text | Add labels to a map
text-method | Add labels to a map
thresh | Thresholding
thresh-method | Thresholding
tighten | tighten SpatRaster or SpatRasterDataset objects
tighten-method | tighten SpatRaster or SpatRasterDataset objects
time | time of SpatRaster layers
time-method | time of SpatRaster layers
time<- | time of SpatRaster layers
time<--method | time of SpatRaster layers
timeInfo | time of SpatRaster layers
timeInfo-method | time of SpatRaster layers
tmpFiles | Temporary files
toMemory | Read all cell values into memory
toMemory-method | Read all cell values into memory
topology | Vector topology methods
trans | Transpose
trans-method | Transpose
trim | Trim a SpatRaster
trim-method | Trim a SpatRaster

## -- U --

union | Union SpatVector or SpatExtent objects
union-method | Union SpatVector or SpatExtent objects
unique | Unique values
unique-method | Unique values
units | units of SpatRaster or SpatRasterDataSet
units-method | units of SpatRaster or SpatRasterDataSet
units<- | units of SpatRaster or SpatRasterDataSet
units<--method | units of SpatRaster or SpatRasterDataSet
unloadGDALdrivers | GDAL version, supported file formats, and cache size
unserialize | saveRDS and serialize for SpatVector and SpatRaster*
unserialize-method | saveRDS and serialize for SpatVector and SpatRaster*
unwrap | wrap and unwrap
unwrap-method | wrap and unwrap
update | Change values in a file
update-method | Change values in a file

## -- V --

values | Cell values and geometry attributes
values-method | Cell values and geometry attributes
values<- | Set the values of raster cells or of geometry attributes
values<--method | Set the values of raster cells or of geometry attributes
varnames | variable and long variable names
varnames-method | variable and long variable names
varnames<- | variable and long variable names
varnames<--method | variable and long variable names
vect | Create SpatVector objects
vect-method | Create SpatVector objects
vector_layers | List or remove layers from a vector file
viewshed | Compute a viewshed
viewshed-method | Compute a viewshed
voronoi | Voronoi diagram and Delaunay triangles
voronoi-method | Voronoi diagram and Delaunay triangles
vrt | Virtual Raster Dataset
vrt-method | Virtual Raster Dataset
vrt_tiles | filenames of VRT tiles

## -- W --

watershed | Catchment delineation
watershed-method | Catchment delineation
weighted.mean | Weighted mean of layers
weighted.mean-method | Weighted mean of layers
where.max | Where are the cells with the min or max values?
where.max-method | Where are the cells with the min or max values?
where.min | Where are the cells with the min or max values?
where.min-method | Where are the cells with the min or max values?
which.lyr | Which cells are TRUE?
which.lyr-method | Which cells are TRUE?
which.max | Summarize
which.max-method | Summarize
which.min | Summarize
which.min-method | Summarize
width | SpatVector geometric properties
width-method | SpatVector geometric properties
window | Set a window
window-method | Set a window
window<- | Set a window
window<--method | Set a window
wrap | wrap and unwrap
wrap-method | wrap and unwrap
wrapCache | SpatRaster wrap with caching options
wrapCache-method | SpatRaster wrap with caching options
writeCDF | Write raster data to a NetCDF file
writeCDF-method | Write raster data to a NetCDF file
writeRaster | Write raster data to a file
writeRaster-method | Write raster data to a file
writeStart | Read from, or write to, file
writeStart-method | Read from, or write to, file
writeStop | Read from, or write to, file
writeStop-method | Read from, or write to, file
writeValues | Read from, or write to, file
writeValues-method | Read from, or write to, file
writeVector | Write SpatVector data to a file
writeVector-method | Write SpatVector data to a file

## -- X --

xapp | Apply a function to the cells of two SpatRasters
xapp-method | Apply a function to the cells of two SpatRasters
xFromCell | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number and vice versa
xFromCell-method | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number and vice versa
xFromCol | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number and vice versa
xFromCol-method | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number and vice versa
xmax | Get or set single values of an extent
xmax-method | Get or set single values of an extent
xmax<- | Get or set single values of an extent
xmax<--method | Get or set single values of an extent
xmin | Get or set single values of an extent
xmin-method | Get or set single values of an extent
xmin<- | Get or set single values of an extent
xmin<--method | Get or set single values of an extent
xres | Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects
xres-method | Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects
xyFromCell | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number and vice versa
xyFromCell-method | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number and vice versa

## -- Y --

yFromCell | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number and vice versa
yFromCell-method | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number and vice versa
yFromRow | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number and vice versa
yFromRow-method | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number and vice versa
ymax | Get or set single values of an extent
ymax-method | Get or set single values of an extent
ymax<- | Get or set single values of an extent
ymax<--method | Get or set single values of an extent
ymin | Get or set single values of an extent
ymin-method | Get or set single values of an extent
ymin<- | Get or set single values of an extent
ymin<--method | Get or set single values of an extent
yres | Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects
yres-method | Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects

## -- Z --

zonal | Zonal statistics
zonal-method | Zonal statistics
zoom | Zoom in on a map
zoom-method | Zoom in on a map

## -- misc --

!-method | Compare and logical methods
$ | Subset a SpatRaster or a SpatVector
$-method | Subset a SpatRaster or a SpatVector
$<- | Replace with $<-
$<--method | Replace with $<-
%in% | Value matching for SpatRasters
%in%-method | Value matching for SpatRasters
[ | Extract values from a SpatRaster, SpatVector or SpatExtent
[-method | Extract values from a SpatRaster, SpatVector or SpatExtent
[-method | Create a SpatVectorCollection
[<- | Replace values of a SpatRaster
[<--method | Replace values of a SpatRaster
[<--method | Create a SpatRasterDataset
[<--method | Create a SpatVectorCollection
[[ | Subset a SpatRaster or a SpatVector
[[-method | Subset a SpatRaster or a SpatVector
[[-method | Create a SpatVectorCollection
[[<- | Replace layers or variables
[[<--method | Replace layers or variables